Executor vs Trustee

What is the difference between an executor and a trustee?

In South African estate planning, an executor and a trustee can both be mentioned in a will. They are not the same role. The executor deals with the deceased estate after death, while a trustee manages assets that are placed into a trust for beneficiaries.

Executor

Winds up the estate

An executor is appointed to administer and finalise the deceased estate. This includes reporting the estate, collecting assets, paying debts and distributing assets to heirs according to the will.

Trustee

Manages trust assets

A trustee manages and protects assets placed in a trust, often for beneficiaries such as minor children. This role can continue for many years, depending on the trust instructions.

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What does an executor do?

The executor’s main role is to administer and finalise the estate of the deceased. The executor acts after death and the role ends once the estate has been fully wound up.

Report the estate to the Master of the High Court
Collect and safeguard all assets
Pay debts, taxes and estate administration costs
Prepare the liquidation and distribution account
Distribute assets to heirs according to the will
Ensure the estate is legally finalised and closed
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What does a trustee do?

A trustee manages assets placed in a trust. This often happens when a testamentary trust is created in a will, for example where assets must be protected for beneficiaries until they reach a certain age.

Administer trust assets prudently
Invest and grow trust property
Distribute income or capital according to the trust deed
Act in the best interests of beneficiaries
Comply with trust administration duties
Manage assets until the trust ends or conditions are met

Quick comparison

Executor vs Trustee

Feature
Executor
Trustee
Purpose
Winds up the deceased estate
Manages trust assets
When active
After death
Usually after estate distribution
Duration
Temporary
Often long-term or ongoing
Main function
Administration and distribution
Management and protection
Simple way to remember
Wraps up the estate
Looks after what continues after

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